Athens appeals to Sparta [450], but they are preoccupied with a festival. His invasion of Egypt leads Hdt. He goes from the cosmos to the atom, ranging between fate and the gods, on the one hand, and the ability of the individual to make a difference, on the other. * Darius moves to Susa Thespiae and Plataea burned, Athens captured [573], Acroplis burned [574] * Battle at Marathon: Persians are guided by Hippias, son of Pistratus, to Attica, landing at Marathon. BCE - c. Some of the information which Herodotus provided about these nomadic peoples he … * Astrology, funeral customs [165] Herodotus portrays the conflict as one between the forces of slavery (the Persians) on the one hand, and freedom (the Athenians and the confederacy of Greek city-states which united against the invaders) on the other. Pausanius refuses to desecrate the body of Mardonius. * Mardonius launches land force {492}, enslaves Macedonia, shipwrecks at Athos, returns ingloriously * Hellespont crossed [p. 489] {490} Moreover, it established the genre and study of history in the Western world (despite the existence of historical records and chronicles beforehand). Numbers provided in square * Athens value democracy [389] * Tale of Arion saved by the dolphin [42] On this website we have presented a variety of offerings from Michael and Rebecca McGoodwin and their extended families. * Periander's despotism, kills wife, exiles his son Lycophron, who is later killed by Corcyreans Scraps of History. (1) Relatedness and unity of historical events over many generations Furthermore, what he narrates shows us that all the problems we are facing in this world right now originated long time ago. * Prexaspes reveals the deception and kills himself. edition  transl. Darius sneaks back to the Ister. Our division of the Histories in nine "books" goes back to an edition by scholars of the third century BCE, working in the great library of Alexandria. His work holds up very well when judged by the yardstick of modern scholarship. * Lydian customs and "facts" The Histories open with a prologue in which the author announces that he will describe the conflict between the Greek and the non-Greek peoples (= Persians) and will explain how they came … Queen Tomyris warns Cyrus as does Croesus, but he ignores them and is slain (529), * Cambyses, son of Cyrus, assumes rule in Persia. Leonidas dies. Aristagoras attacks and burns Sardis. * Cyrus threatens the 12 Ionian cities of Panionium, first attacking Phocaea (attack led by Harpagus)- they flee to Corsica.[107]. * Skepticism of magic History of Athens Pisitratids Megabates warns the Naxians. * Croesus counsels Cyrus I hope you enjoy this great work as much as I have. * Carians, Caunians, Lycians * Aryandes sends an expedition to conquer Libya [354], besieges Barca. * Sparta refuses to help Aristagoras invade Persia [375] Summary Histories, by Herodotus, is an ancient Greek text that tells the history of the wars between Greece and Persia. * Babylonian rulers: Semiramis, Nitocris The Asiatic "Great King" Xerxes, who followed in the footsteps of Cyrus and Darius and assembled a military force numbered in the millions, was intent on enslaving the Greeks as he had so many other countries in the region- Egypt, Asia Minor, Syria, Babylonia, etc. * Egyptian religious beliefs [132] called Herodotus the Father of History.. Greeks flee Athens and navy gathers at Salamis. He lived in the fifth century BC (c. 484 - c. 425 BC), a contemporary of Socrates. * Rivalry of Demaratus and Cleomenes, kings of Sparta [432]. * Origin of the Greek alphabet from Phoenicians [379] [2] Written in 430 BC in the Ionic dialect of classical Greek, The Histories serves as a record of the ancient traditions, politics, geography, and clashes of various cultures that were known in Greece, Western Asia and Northern Africa at that time. [228] Herodotus' Histories has it all: tales of war, eyewitness travel writing, notes on flora and fauna and accounts of fantastic creatures such as winged snakes. Yet much of what he describes has apparently stood the test of time, particularly when it is recognized that Herodotus places great emphasis on the importance of myth as a shaper of civilizations, regardless of its objective "truth". * Cr invades Syrian Cappadocia & is captured by Cyrus {546} [66-69] His family was wealthy and perhaps aristocratic, but while he was still quite young they were driven from the city by a tyrant named Lygdamis. X comes to tears as he meditates on the shortness of life while viewing his great army and ships. BCE - c. Croesus Of Lydia (560-546) The world according to Herodotus, ca. * Croesus seeks oracle whether of invade Persia- Delphi replies that "if he made war on the Persians he would destroy a mighty empire" [55] and that "whenever a mule [Cyrus] become sovereign king of the Medians" he should flee. Athos from the mainland [478]. Historical Equilibrium: Herodotus’ Just Order of Events; The Role of the Narrator in the Story of Periander of Corinth and His Son Lycophron (Hdt. Hydarnes leads forces around the mountains to encircle the Greeks. * Polycrates of Samos, allied with Amasis of Egypt, is attacked by Lacedaemonians, invites alliance with Cambyses. Although we have the benefit of hindsight, the map is – comparatively speaking – fairly accurate given the limitations of the 5th century B.C. * Predecessor Candaules displays his wife to Gyges, who kills Candaules at her insistence ("Agamemnon", "Hom. * Lineage of the Alcmaeonidae [458]- Cleisthenes of Sicyon, Alcmaeon, Megacles, Cleisthenes, Pericles etc. * Greek vs. Indian funeral custom- burying vs eating the dead. Darius is elected king by his horse! Demaratus flees to Persia [426] and Leotychides succeeds him. He sees a great interconnectedness in the events of history and begins in mythical times in order to explain the roots of his own civilization and what led up to the Persian Wars. * Babylonian customs- compulsory sex at the temple of Aphrodite Herodotus, The Histories A. D. Godley, Ed. Likely because The Histories was the widest-ranging attempt to document past events that had been undertaken up to that time, the Latin writer Cicero (106-43 B.C.E.) * Herodotus' world view, Phoenicians circumnavigate Africa [296], the Ister (Danube) [298],  To read The History (Herodotus' only book) is to seek one's roots as a member of Western democratic civilization. Summary. * Aristagoras appeals to Athens [378]. His descriptions of ancient and extraordinarily diverse cultures are remarkably detailed and just plain fun to read, and in many instances, are the only source of written knowledge left for future generations. * Recollection of warning from Cyrus not to overexpand the empire when advised to move his people from their rocky lands- "from soft lands come soft men", Page mcgoodwin.net/pages/otherbooks/herodotus.html * Phoenicians abduct Io (Isis) daughter of king of Argos to Egypt (or did she go willingly?). * Aristagoras dies in Thrace, * Histiaeus flees from Darius to Chios Bridging the Bosporus with boats (Euxine Sea> Bosporos> Propontis> Hellespont). In Book 9, Herodotus concludes his account of the Persian invasion of Greece under Xerxes and Mardonius.He describes the defeat of Mardonius’ forces at Plataea and the Greek fleet’s destruction of the Persian navy at Mycale in Ionia. Pheretimes commits atrocities and meets a bad end. * Sparta tries to weakens Athens by forcing the return of the Pisistratid Hippias to power in Athens through Artaphrenes' intervention, but Athens refused and became enemies of Persia. Herodotus (484-425 BCE) the Greek historian who wrote extensively on the Persian Empire, here describes Persian customs as they would have been practiced around the year 430 BCE at Susa and other Persian communities. He explains his theory that it is the Athenians who ensured the freedom of … Free Greeks fight slaves [550]. * Animals [160]- hippos, crocs, Phoenix, winged serpents [163] Nechos, king of Egypt, sent Phoenicians to sail around Libya, back through the pillars of Herakles, into the Mediterranean and back to Egypt. Summary of Herodotus This is a chapter-by-chapter summary, with occasional notes, of the Histories of Herodotus, based mostly on the translation by Peter Greene (1987), with occasional reference to translations by A.D. Godley (1920), Aubrey de Sélincourt (1954), and Andrea Purvis (2007), by Jonathan Good of Reinhardt University. * Assyrians ruled 1229-709 It is also noted that Herodotus’s Histories were actually recited at gatherings like the Olympic Games to entertain people. Other peoples: Issedones, Hyperboreans [290], goat-footed men, harsh winters, snow [290],  He describes the defeat of Mardonius’ … Samos falls to Persia. * Croesus' son Atys killed by Adrastus accidentally in boar hunt, after Atys insists in going along. Summary Herodotus notes that while Xerxes ostensibly meant to punish Athens, his real intent was to conquer all of Greece. Chroniclers of the Persians … * Darius invades Scythia (N of the Black "Euxine" Sea & N of the Danube-Ister) [311]. Athenians are led by Miltiades son of Cimon and 11 other generals. Kim, Lawrence (2010). Now that title is one that he richly deserves. * Magis plot against Cambyses with a false Smerdis * Sexual promiscuity of Libyans [344], Lotophagi [346] Sparta delays in helping but finally sends troops under Pausanias The Histories (Greek: Ἱστορίαι; Ancient Greek: [historíai̯]; also known as The History[1]) of Herodotus is considered the founding work of history in Western literature. * Sennacherib of Assyria defeated by mice [193] Herodotus: Xerxes Invades Greece, from The Histories. Little is known of Herodotus's life beyond what can be deduced from his writings. Who can forget the despot Xerxes- ordering the waters of the Hellespont to be whipped and harnessed with a yoke of fetters (after a storm wrecks his vital bridge), or commanding that Pythias' son be sliced in half and left behind (after Pythias asks for the son's release from the army to care for him in his old age.) The Greek for “research” is historia, where our word “history” comes from ... Herodotus is a great historian. He is a great humanist who sees and respects the universal in the experience and actions of humankind underlying the idiosyncracies of regional customs and religious beliefs. c. Polycratres sends untrusted exiles to Egypt ostensibly to help Cambyses. Reciprocal rapes of Europa and Medea by … BCE Herodotus was a resident of Halicarnassus (modern Bodrum in Turkey) and wrote The Histories of Herodotus, a Greek history of the Persian invasion of Greece in the early fifth century BCE. * Oroetes of Sardis (a Persian) kills Polycrates [264] and is later killed on the order of Darius. Herodotus, The Histories A. D. Godley, Ed. [139] On the legacy of The Histories by Herodotus, historian Barry S. Strauss writes: He is simply one of the greatest storytellers who ever wrote. * The Ionians are defeated and Athens gives up supporting them. They instead escape to Lacedaemonia & plead for help to the taciturn Spartans. Aristodemus of Sparta survives but is scorned at home. II:35. * Xerxes vows to conquer Greece. Mardonius' hubris. * Source of the Nile = "Libya" [141]  Its title is simply The Histories. (7) Triumph of free peoples over slaves * Past attacks of Sparta on Athens X4 [381-7], Athens attack on Boeotia and Chalcis * Mycinergus' incest with his daughter Harpagus is fed his son when Astyages learns of the deception. * Young Cyrus acts like a king, is brought to Astyages. * Cyaxeres {625-585} (Scythians rule for 28 years {634-606}) Herodotus, a Greek from the city of Halicarnassus in Asia Minor (today’s Bodrum in Turkey), published his Histories sometime between 426 and 415 BCE. Cleomenes' madness [438] * The road to Susa [376] * Atossa, Darius' wife, urges him to attack Greece. He is often referred to as "The Father of History… * Greek origins of the Macedonians [364] Books V–VIII by A. D. Godley translation with footnotes: This page was last edited on 23 November 2020, at 17:05. Herodotus tries in 700 pages to sum up all that a well-informed Greek such as himself could learn about the real world, at least its geography, nations, cultures, flora and fauna, and mythical origins. Arist. * Miltiades, son of Cimon, rules the Chersonese  Rape of Io by Phoenician traders as Persian version of … This is a lengthy work, and some of the sections describing various peripheral cultures perhaps might be skimmed, yet the substantial time required to read it carefully will be amply rewarded. Cambyses becomes king of the Persian Empire (530-522 BC). These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of The Histories by Herodotus. * Unusual African customs [145] * Spartans prefer freedom to slavery [513] but Herodotus ascribes the saving of Greece to the Athenians [514] * Histaeus captured by Harpagus and killed [420] (2) Variety and universality of human experience and existence Homer and Hesiod 400 yrs earlier [155] His principal aim was to … * Circumcision came from Egypt. Overview (partially extracted from the Grene text and prepared for a woman's (5) Desire to preserve the great events of heroism W elcome. A Greek who lived in the fifth century BC, Herodotus was a pathfinder. Take the time to study the maps in the back of Grene's translation as you read this book, in order to make sense of the sometimes arcane geographical details that are so important to the full understanding of The History. [110] Od. * Pyramids of Cheops [186] Herodotus (/ h ɪ ˈ r ɒ d ə t ə s /; Ancient Greek: Ἡρόδοτος, Hēródotos, Attic Greek pronunciation: [hɛː.ró.do.tos]; c. 484 – c. 425 BC) was an ancient Greek historian who was born in Halicarnassus in the Persian Empire (modern-day Bodrum, Turkey).He is known for having written the book The Histories … [173] Ἰστορίαι = The Histories, Herodotus The Histories of Herodotus is the founding work of history in Western literature. Book Two. * Xerxes wife Amestris' atrocities against Masistes' wife whom Xerxes had fallen in love with) * 20 Persian satrapies summary- Indians eat their dead, ants as big as foxes, ... And hints of... LEONIDAS. Rivaling any best-selling potboiler of today, there are numerous depictions of savage and barbaric acts, of arrogance and hubris winning out over caution, of rage, envy, lust, greed, corruption, insanity, and other human failings that make up the fabric of history. 485(?) His invasion of Egypt leads Hdt. In The Histories, he describes the expansion of the Achaemenid Empire under its kings … Women do not play much of a role in this book written some 2420 years ago [c. 425 BCE]. Herodotus will give his account, starting with the four nations between the two seas, then describing the Asian peninsula. Pythius the Lydian asks to have his son left behind, and X orders he be cut in half. Ionians for the 3rd time are enslaved * Cambyses wounds himself and dies; "Smerdis" succeeds but later is discovered because he has no ears. * Origins of Enmity of Aegina and Athens [390] Xerxes fears for his safe return [591], sends ships to guard the bridge at the Hellespont. * A vision call Xerxes to war [474] and also comes to Artabanus * Sparta history The culture of the Scythians: religion, burial rites, Darius's failed attack on Scythia and consequent retreat, The story of the Minyæ (descendants of the, The reorganizing of the Athenian tribes by, Aristagoras's failed request for help from Sparta, and successful attempt with Athens, The burning of Sardis, and Darius's vow for revenge against the Athenians, The abandonment of the Ionian fleet by the, The defeat of the Ionian fleet by the Persians, The destruction of 300 ships in Mardonius's fleet near, The order of Darius that the Greeks provide him, The history behind Sparta having two kings and their powers, The arrest of the traitors in Aegina by Cleomenes and the new king, The suicide of Cleomenes in a fit of madness, possibly caused by his war with, The Spartans late arrival to assist Athens, The death of Miltiades after a failed attack on, The defeat of the Egyptian rebels by Xerxes. When Cyrus had brought his life to an end, Cambyses received the royal power in succession, being the son of Cyrus and of … Known as the "Father of History," Herodotus (c. 484 – 424 B.C.E.) Click anywhere in the line to jump to another position: THE HISTORY OF HERODOTUS BOOK I THE FIRST BOOK OF THE HISTORIES, CALLED CLIO This is the Showing forth of the Inquiry of Herodotus of Halicarnassos, to the end that[1] neither the deeds of men may be forgotten by lapse of time, nor the works[2] great and marvellous, which have been produced some by Hellenes and some by Barbarians, may Herodotus. Scythians stay ahead of Darius [325] and taunt him [327]. * Thracian customs- sacrifice of favorite wives The History of Herodotus has been divided into the following sections: Book I [299k] Book II [249k] Book III [221k] … * Demaratus (from Sparta) promotes Xerxes to succeed his father Darius on Darius' death {485} Mardonius also promotes war on Greece. Herodotus of Halicarnassus (c.480-c.429 BCE): Greek researcher, often called the world's first historian.In The Histories, he describes the expansion of the Achaemenid Empire under its kings Cyrus the Great, Cambyses, and Darius I the Great, culminating in Xerxes' expedition to Greece (480 BCE), which met with disaster in the naval engagement at Salamis and the battles at Plataea and Mycale. * Croesus inquires of status of Greek cultures to win friendship with- digression on Athenian Pisistratus [57-61] & Lacedaemonians/Spartans [61-5] book discussion group). * Artemisia tries to stop Mardonius from wasting his ships in battle. Created by Michael C. McGoodwin and the translation provided by David Grene. The work is divided into nine sections, or "books". The purpose is to prevent the traces of human events from being erased by time, and to preserve the fame of the important and remarkable achievements produced by both Greeks and non-Greeks; among the matters covered is, in particular, the cause of the hostilities between Greeks and non-Greeks. Rebecca Joyce Cardiff McGoodwin passed away July 13, 2017, but I hope to continue this family web tradition that we began and enjoyed together. The History of Herodotus By Herodotus Written 440 B.C.E Translated by George Rawlinson. brackets or parentheses refer to the page numbers in this edition. The Greek historian Herodotus (490/480-425 B.C. * Athenians besiege Sestos A few of the characters and wonders in The Histories The tunnel of Samos The Behistun inscription Two presentations on the story of Gyges Aristeas of Proconnesus Periandros (Periander) Alkmeon Of Arms and the Man About The Histories The opening of “Herodotus” by Lucian of Samosata Ryszard Kapuściński's Travels with Herodotus Herodotus has a wonderful, gossipy style that makes reading these histories more fun than studying the rise of the Persian Empire and its clash with Greece—however, that’s exactly what readers will do in this engaging history, which is full of interesting digressions and asides. Egypt. * Cambyses failed expedition against Ethiopia [219] Critics such as Thucydides, the guy who wrote The History of the Peloponnesian War, argue that Herodotus stuck a ton of folklore and fables into the historical narrative to make it seem more interesting. [ 325 ] and taunt him [ 327 ] ( 1 ) Greek born... 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